This volume is a collection of nineteen original papers written by teachers and researchers about what actually happens in language classrooms, both those in which language is the topic of instruction and those where it functions primarily as the medium of instruction. The authors utilize a variety of research methods, with an emphasis on the collection and analysis of qualitative data. Chapters investigate such issues as language-related anxiety, curriculum renewal, classroom interaction, teachers’ on-line decision-making, and sociopolitical concerns which affect life in schools. Among the countries represented in the research are Australia, Hong Kong, Hungary, Japan, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, the Sultanate of Oman, and the United States.