This fresh study thoroughly re-casts the unrecognised Samad Late Iron Age (SLIA) and its archaeological context in the 600 years which flank the year 0 CE, providing valuable insights into the significance and complexities of this enigmatic era. Through meticulous research of archaeological sites and recent discoveries, the authors present an in-depth understanding of the SLIA. A particular focus is given to examining the relationship between the SLIA assemblage and that of the Mleiha/PIR, parsing the cultural connections between these separate yet intertwined archaeological phenomena. By investigating diverse topics such as burial practices, pottery, small finds, trade networks and architecture, this work aims to offer a comprehensive grasp of the material culture and historical scene of the centuries preceding the rise of Islam. With its contribution to the ongoing academic discourse on the archaeology of south-eastern Arabia, this book fills a niche for scholars and enthusiasts seeking archaeological knowledge about this fascinating Arabian period.