Accompanying the gradual systematization of government and modernization of society in Russia during the reforms of the 1860s was a policy of Russification toward Finland and the Baltic provinces of Estland, Livland, and Kurland. From a variety of group and national perspectives, five scholars here depict the formulation, implementation, and effect of this policy. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.