Globalization and the possibility of bioterrorist acts have highlighted the pressing need for the development of theoretical and practical mathematical frameworks that may be useful in our systemic efforts to anticipate, prevent, and respond to acts of destabilization. This book collects the detailed contributions of selected groups of experts from the fields of biostatistics, control theory, epidemiology, and mathematical biology who have engaged in the development of frameworks, models, and mathematical methods needed to address some of the pressing challenges posed by acts of terror. The ten chapters of this volume touch on a large range of issues in the subfields of biosurveillance, agroterrorism, bioterror response logistics, deliberate release of biological agents, impact assessment, and the spread of fanatic behaviours.